Cast and Splint Care

Splints and casts are supports that are used to protect injured bones and soft tissues. A cast completely encircles the limb with a hard, rigid outer shell. A splint provides rigid support along just a portion of the limb, with soft or open areas in between.

Splints are often used in the immediate post-surgery or injury phase because a splint can better allow for the swelling that often occurs in these situations. Your doctor will decide which type of support is most appropriate for you and your arm condition.

Materials

Casts are made with plaster or fiberglass to form the hard, supportive outer layer. Fiberglass is lighter, more durable, and breathes better than plaster. Some fiberglass casts are also waterproof, depending on the underlying padding material. Ask your doctor if such a cast is appropriate and available for your treatment.

Plaster is less expensive and shapes better than fiberglass. Both materials have their place in treating arm injuries and protecting the arm after surgery. Both materials are dipped in water to start the setting process. Most casts also have a soft lining of cotton or similar material for padding underneath the hard material. X-rays can be taken through casts, but casts do block some of the x-ray detail.

Splints can be made with these same materials or with plastic, fabric, or padded aluminum. They can be custom-made, or they may be pre-made. They come in a variety of shapes and sizes, depending on the specific need. They often have Velcro straps or similar closure systems, which makes them easier to take on and off.

Signs and Symptoms

One of the symptoms of an injury or surgery can be swelling, which is usually worst during the first few days but can last much longer in some people. Swelling can cause pressure in your splint or cast, making it feel tighter.

To help avoid or reduce swelling, put your hand and arm above your heart by propping it up on pillows or another support when possible. Elevation helps gravity drain the blood and fluid that causes swelling, which can also decrease pain. If swelling increases too much, a cast or splint can become too tight.

Sometimes a cast may need to be changed if the cast is too tight or if it gets too loose when the swelling goes down.

How to Take Care of Your Cast

Keep your cast or splint clean and dry unless it is made to be waterproof. Being in contact with damp padding can irritate your skin. Plaster gets softer and weaker when it gets wet.

To keep your cast or splint dry:

• Use plastic bags or a waterproof cast cover to keep your splint or cast dry when bathing. Seal the bag with tape or rubber bands so there is a water-tight seal.
• Elevate your hand in the shower above your head to avoid water running under the seal and into your cast.
• Remove the bag or cover afterward. Do not keep it constantly covered because moisture may build up from normal sweating.

Follow these additional rules when wearing a cast or splint:

• Do not let dirt, sand, or other materials get inside your splint or cast.
• If you feel itching, do not place anything inside your cast because you can injure your skin. Ask your doctor for advice.
• Never trim the cast or splint by yourself. If there are rough edges or your skin gets irritated around the edges, notify your doctor, who has the proper tools to fix it.
• If your cast or splint develops cracks or soft spots, contact your doctor to see if it needs to be repaired or changed.

How to Take Care of a Waterproof Cast

Waterproof casts can be submerged in water, although it is best to avoid water from lakes, rivers, and oceans because your skin can become irritated if dirt or sand gets inside the cast.

Follow these additional rules to take care of your waterproof cast:

• When you come in contact with chlorinated water or dirty water, rinse the cast with fresh water when done.
• Allow the inside of the cast to drain as much as possible after it gets wet. If you have a cast that goes past your elbow, be sure to drain the area around the elbow well. The rest of the water will evaporate.
• Consider rinsing the cast with clean water after excessive sweating, although sweat will not harm the cast liner.

Cast Removal

Never try to remove a cast yourself. You may cut your skin or prevent proper healing of your injury. A cast should be removed only by a professional with the proper tools and training. Casts are removed with a special type of saw that will not cut your skin.

Remember, a cast is there to protect you while your injury heals. It is only a temporary inconvenience, with the goal of helping you recover.

Source: Patient education content adapted from the American Society for Surgery of the Hand / HandCare.org PDF.